Introduction to PHARMACOKINETICS
TERMINOLOGY
-PHARMACODYNAMIC: The study of the action of the drug on the body .
-PHARMACOKINETICS: the study of the action of the body on the drugs: method and rate of excretion; duration of effect; etc.
How much?
How often?
PHARMACOKINETICS:
The quantitative study and characterization of the time course of drug absorption, distribution,metabolism and excretion.
Data are mathematical representations (simplifications) of complex physiological processes.
How much?
How often?
PHARMACOKINETICS:
The quantitative study and characterization of the time course of drug absorption, distribution,metabolism and excretion.
Data are mathematical representations (simplifications) of complex physiological processes.
Importance of PHARMACOKINETICS:
1-To predict plasma, tissue and urine drug levels .
2-To evaluate the bioavailability of different Formulation.
3-To calculate the optimum dosage regimen.
4-To correlate the drug concentration and the pharmacological and toxicological effect.
5-To evaluate the drug interaction.
6-To give an idea about plasma protein binding.
7-To estimate the accumulation of the drug and its metabolites.
8-The most important application of pharmacokinetic is the clinical pharmacokinetics.
9- It involves the initial design of the dosage regimen including dose, dosing interval, rout of administration and the dosage form as well as readjustment of the dosage regimen.
10-It helps to determine the unusual drug response, drug interaction,unusual distribution and elimination kinetics bioavailability problems, medication errors.
2-To evaluate the bioavailability of different Formulation.
3-To calculate the optimum dosage regimen.
4-To correlate the drug concentration and the pharmacological and toxicological effect.
5-To evaluate the drug interaction.
6-To give an idea about plasma protein binding.
7-To estimate the accumulation of the drug and its metabolites.
8-The most important application of pharmacokinetic is the clinical pharmacokinetics.
9- It involves the initial design of the dosage regimen including dose, dosing interval, rout of administration and the dosage form as well as readjustment of the dosage regimen.
10-It helps to determine the unusual drug response, drug interaction,unusual distribution and elimination kinetics bioavailability problems, medication errors.
TERMINOLOGY cont...
-DRUG ABSORPTION: is the movement of the drug from its site of administration into the blood stream.
-BIOAVAILABILITY(F): is the fraction of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation (rate and extant of drug absorption).
-DRUG DISTRIBUTION: The movement of drug from the blood to and from the tissues of the body.
-PROTEIN DRUG BOUND: the amount of drug which bound to plasma protein.
-Concentration (Cp ): the measurement of the amount of drug contained in a specific volume of a biological fluid, typically plasma or urine.
-Maximum Concentration (C ): the highest max observed concentration from those included as the measurements of the time course of drug.
-Time of Maximum Concentration (Tmax): the time at which the highest concentration is measured from those included as the measurements of the time course of drug.
-Volume of Distribution:
.An abstract concept.
.Gives information on HOW the drug is distributed in the body.
.Used to calculate a loading dose.
-Loading dose: The dose size used in initiating therapy so as to yield therapeutic concentration which will result in clinical effectiveness.
-Maintenance Dose: The dose size required to maintain the clinical effectiveness or therapeutic concentration according to the dosage regimen.
-ELIMINATION: The processes that encompass the effective "removal" of drug from "the body" through excretion or metabolism.
-Excretion: the removal of drug from the body by a physical process such as excretion into urine, bile, or sweat.
-Metabolism: the removal of drug from the body by metabolic transformation of the drug into other compounds.
-PLASMA CLEARANCE: The sum of renal and non-renal clearance.
-HALF-LIFE: the length of time necessary to eliminate 50% of the remaining amount of drug present in the body.
-BIOAVAILABILITY(F): is the fraction of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation (rate and extant of drug absorption).
-DRUG DISTRIBUTION: The movement of drug from the blood to and from the tissues of the body.
-PROTEIN DRUG BOUND: the amount of drug which bound to plasma protein.
-Concentration (Cp ): the measurement of the amount of drug contained in a specific volume of a biological fluid, typically plasma or urine.
-Maximum Concentration (C ): the highest max observed concentration from those included as the measurements of the time course of drug.
-Time of Maximum Concentration (Tmax): the time at which the highest concentration is measured from those included as the measurements of the time course of drug.
-Volume of Distribution:
.An abstract concept.
.Gives information on HOW the drug is distributed in the body.
.Used to calculate a loading dose.
-Loading dose: The dose size used in initiating therapy so as to yield therapeutic concentration which will result in clinical effectiveness.
-Maintenance Dose: The dose size required to maintain the clinical effectiveness or therapeutic concentration according to the dosage regimen.
-ELIMINATION: The processes that encompass the effective "removal" of drug from "the body" through excretion or metabolism.
-Excretion: the removal of drug from the body by a physical process such as excretion into urine, bile, or sweat.
-Metabolism: the removal of drug from the body by metabolic transformation of the drug into other compounds.
-PLASMA CLEARANCE: The sum of renal and non-renal clearance.
-HALF-LIFE: the length of time necessary to eliminate 50% of the remaining amount of drug present in the body.